Umzi-mveliso webhayisekile uye waba ngomnye wabaxhamli abambalwa kubhubhani we-coronavirus njengoko abantu bekhangela iindlela zokuhlala, ukonwabisa abantwana kunye nokuhamba ukuya emsebenzini.Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuthengiswa kweebhayisikile kwilizwe lonke kunyuke nge-50% kunyaka ophelileyo.Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi kubavelisi beebhayisikile basekhaya, abanje ngeDetroit Bicycles kunye neAmerican Bicycle Company (BCA).
Kudala, iUnited States yayiyeyona iphambili ehlabathini ngokwenza iibhayisekile.Iifektri eziqhutywa ziinkampani ezifana neHuffy, Murray, kunye neSchwinn zivelisa iibhayisekile ngobuninzi obukhulu minyaka le.Nangona ezi mpawu zisekho, imveliso iye yafudukela phesheya kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo.
Ngokomzekelo, uSchwinn wenza ibhayisekile yokugqibela eChicago ngowe-1982, yaye uHuffy wawuvala umzi-mveliso wakhe ophambili eCelina, eOhio ngowe-1998. Ebudeni beli xesha, abanye abenzi beebhayisikile abaninzi abadumileyo baseMerika, abanjengoRoadmaster noRoss, balandela ngokusondeleyo.Ngelo xesha, ixabiso leebhayisekile lehle nge-25% njengoko abavelisi base-Asia babewathoba amaxabiso kwaye batshabalalisa imida yenzuzo.
Ngokutsho kukaHarry Moser, usihlalo weReshoring Initiative kunye nombhali wekholamu ye-ASSEMBLY ethi “Moser on Manufacturing”, abavelisi baseMelika bavelisa iibhayisekile ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 ngo-1990. Noko ke, njengoko kwakuqhubeka imisebenzi engaphandle konxweme, imveliso yasekhaya yehla yaya kutsho ngaphantsi kweemoto ezingama-200,000. .2015. Uninzi lwezi bhayisekile ziveliswa yi-volume encinci, iinkampani ze-niche ezijongene nabathandi beebhayisikili ezinzima.
Ukwenziwa kweebhayisekile kuhlala kulishishini elijikelezayo eliye lafumana i-booms emangalisayo kunye noxinzelelo.Enyanisweni, ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo, ukuhla kwemveliso yasekhaya kuye kwaguqulwa kwiminyaka yamuva.
Nokuba zihamba okanye zimile, iibhayisekile zineenzuzo ezininzi zempilo.Ngenxa yobhubhani we-coronavirus, abantu abaninzi bacinga kwakhona apho bazilolongela khona kunye nendlela abalichitha ngayo ixesha labo lokukhululeka.
“[Kunyaka ophelileyo] abathengi [ba]jonge imisetyenzana yangaphandle nelungele abantwana ukuze bamelane ngcono nemingeni eyayanyaniswa neeodolo zasekhaya, kwaye ukukhwela ibhayisekile kufanelekile,” Umhlalutyi weNPD Group Sports Industry uDirk Sorensen (Dirk Sorenson) uthe Inc., a inkampani yophando elandelela iintsingiselo zemarike.“Ekugqibeleni, baninzi abantu [abahamba ngebhayisikile] namhlanje kunakule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo.
“Intengiso kwikota yokuqala ka-2021 inyuke ngama-83% kwangelo xesha kunyaka ophelileyo,” utshilo uSorensen.“Umdla wabathengi ekuthengeni iibhayisekile usephezulu.”Lo mkhwa kulindeleke ukuba uqhubeke unyaka okanye emibini.
Kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, iibhayisekile zithandwa kuhambo olufutshane kuba zinokugcina ixesha elininzi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuhamba.Ngaphaya koko, iibhayisekile zisombulula iingxaki eziya zisiba ninzi njengeendawo zokupaka ezinqongopheleyo, ungcoliseko lomoya kunye nokuxinana kwezithuthi.Ukongeza, inkqubo yokwabelana ngebhayisikile ivumela abantu ukuba baqeshe ibhayisekile kwaye basebenzise amavili amabini ngokulula ukujikeleza isixeko.
Ukwanda komdla kwizithuthi zombane nako kukhuthaze ukunyuka kwebhayisekile.Ngapha koko, abaninzi abavelisi beebhayisekile baxhobisa iimveliso zabo ngeebhetri ezixineneyo nezikhaphukhaphu, iimotor kunye neenkqubo zokuqhuba ukongeza amandla alungileyo akudala.
“Ukuthengiswa kweebhayisekile zombane kunyuke kakhulu,” utshilo uSorenson.“Njengoko ubhubhane uze nabakhweli abaninzi kulo msitho, ukuthengiswa kweebhayisekile zombane kuye kwakhawuleza.Phakathi kweevenkile ezithengisa iibhayisekile, iibhayisekile zombane ngoku ziludidi lwesithathu ngobukhulu, emva kokuthengiswa kweebhayisekile zasezintabeni nezihamba endleleni.”
"Iibhayisikili ze-E zihlala zithandwa," wongezelela u-Chase Spaulding, umfundisi ojongene noyilo lwebhayisikili kunye nokuvelisa kwiYunivesithi yase-Minnesota State University.Kutshanje uphumelele inkqubo yakhe yeminyaka emibini kwikholeji yoluntu.U-Spaulding useke inkqubo yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabavelisi beebhayisikile basekhaya, njengeeMveliso ze-Hed Cycling, iiMveliso zeBhayisekile ezisemgangathweni kunye ne-Trek Bicycle Corp.
U-Spalding uthe: “Ishishini leemoto liye laphucula iimoto zombane ngokukhawuleza, kwaye lincede ishishini lebhayisekile lenze umtsi omkhulu ngaphandle kokuthwala iindleko ezipheleleyo zokuphuhlisa iibhetri nezinye izinto.”"[Ezi zixhobo zinokudityaniswa ngokulula kwi] Ekugqibeleni Kwimveliso, uninzi [abantu] baziva bekhuselekile kwaye abayi kubonwa njengohlobo olungaqhelekanga lweemopeds okanye izithuthuthu."
NgokukaSpaulding, iibhayisekile zegrabile yenye indawo eshushu kwishishini.Zinomtsalane kakhulu kubakhweli beebhayisikile abathanda ukuqhubeka behamba ekupheleni kwendlela.Ziphakathi kweebhayisikili zeentaba kunye neebhayisikili zendlela, kodwa zibonelela ngamava okukhwela okuyingqayizivele.
Kudala-dala, iibhayisekile ezininzi zazithengiswa ngabathengisi beebhayisikile ekuhlaleni kunye nabathengisi abakhulu (abanje ngeSears, Roebuck & Co., okanye iMontgomery Ward & Co.).Nangona iivenkile zebhayisekile zalapha ekhaya zisekhona, uninzi lwazo ngoku lusebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwiimveliso eziphezulu zabakhweli beebhayisikile.
Namhlanje, iibhayisekile ezininzi zentengiso zithengiswa ngabathengisi abakhulu (njengeDick's Sporting Goods, Target, kunye neWalmart) okanye ngeesayithi ze-e-commerce (ezifana neAmazon).Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, njengoko besanda abantu bethenga iimveliso kwi-Intanethi, ukuthengisa ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi kuye kwatshintsha ishishini lebhayisekile.
I-Mainland China kunye neTaiwan zilawula imarike yeebhayisekile zehlabathi, kwaye iinkampani ezinjengeGiant, Merida kunye neTianjin Fujitec akhawunti kuninzi lweshishini.Uninzi lweendawo ziveliswa phesheya ziinkampani ezifana neShimano, elawula isibini esithathwini segiya kunye nemarike yebrake.
EYurophu, emantla ePortugal liziko loshishino lweebhayisekile.Kukho iinkampani ezingaphezu kwama-50 kule ndawo ezivelisa iibhayisekile, iinxalenye kunye nezixhobo.I-RTE, oyena mvelisi mkhulu weebhayisekile eYurophu, iqhuba umzi-mveliso oseSelzedo, ePortugal, onokuhlanganisa ukuya kutsho kwiibhayisekile ezingama-5,000 ngosuku.
Namhlanje, i-Reshoring Initiative ibango lokuba ngaphezu kwe-200 yabakhiqizi beebhayisikile baseMelika kunye neempawu, ukusuka kwi-Alchemy Bicycle Co. ukuya kwi-Victoria Cycles.Nangona zininzi iinkampani ezincinci okanye abasasazi, kukho abadlali abaphambili abaninzi, kubandakanya iBCA (i-subsidiary ye-Kent International Corporation) kunye neTrek.Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani ezininzi, ezinje ngeRoss Bikes kunye ne-SRAM LLC, ziyila iimveliso ngaphakathi kwaye zizenzele phesheya.
Umzekelo, iimveliso zeRoss ziyilwe eLas Vegas kodwa ziveliswa eTshayina naseTaiwan.Phakathi kowe-1946 no-1989, ishishini losapho lavula iifektri eBrooklyn, eNew York nase-Allentown, ePennsylvania, kunye neebhayisekile ezenziwe ngobuninzi ngaphambi kokuba ziyeke ukusebenza.
"Singathanda ukwenza iibhayisekile e-United States kwakhona, kodwa iipesenti ezingama-90 zamacandelo, afana nothumelo (umatshini onoxanduva lokuhambisa ikhonkco phakathi kwe-sprockets ukuya kwigiya) ziveliswa phesheya," utshilo uSean Rose, a. ilungu lesizukulwana sesine.Usapho mva nje luvuse ibhrendi eyaba ngoovulindlela iibhayisekile zeentaba ngeminyaka yoo-1980."Nangona kunjalo, sinokugqiba ukwenza imveliso encinci yebhetshi apha."
Nangona ezinye izinto zitshintshile, inkqubo esisiseko yokudibanisa iibhayisikile iye yahlala ingatshintshi kangangamashumi eminyaka.Ifreyim yepeyinti ifakwe kwi-fixture, kwaye emva koko kufakwe izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana neziqhoboshi, i-mudguards, iigiya, ii-handlebars, iipedali, izihlalo kunye namavili.Izibambo zidla ngokususwa ngaphambi kokuba zihanjiswe ukuze ibhayisekile ifakwe kwibhokisi emxinwa.
Isakhelo sihlala siqulunqwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo entsimbi egobileyo, edityanisiweyo kunye nepeyintiwe.I-aluminium kunye nentsimbi zizinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa izixhobo ze-carbon fiber composite kunye neefreyimu ze-titanium nazo zisetyenziselwa iibhayisikili eziphezulu ngenxa yobunzima bazo.
Kubabukeli abaqhelekileyo, iibhayisekile ezininzi zikhangeleka kwaye zenza ngendlela ebezisoloko zisenza ngayo amashumi eminyaka.Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukhetho oluninzi kunanini ngaphambili.
"Ngokubanzi, imarike ikhuphisana ngakumbi kuyilo lwezakhelo kunye namacandelo," kusho uSpalding weYunivesithi yaseMinnesota State University.“Iibhayisekile zasezintabeni zahlukene, ukusuka phezulu, ziqinile kwaye zibhetyebhetye, ukuya kuthi ga kwixesha elide, eliphantsi kunye nelithambileyo.Ngoku kukho ukhetho oluninzi phakathi kwezi zimbini.Iibhayisikili zendlela zineentlobo ezincinci, kodwa ngokubhekiselele kumacandelo, ijometri, ubunzima kunye nokusebenza.Umahluko mkhulu kakhulu.
"Ukuhanjiswa yeyona nto inzima phantse kuzo zonke iibhayisekile namhlanje," utshilo uSpalding.“Uya kubona kwakhona ezinye iihabhu zezixhobo zangaphakathi ezipakisha iigiya ezi-2 ukuya kwezili-14 kwindawo engasemva, kodwa ngenxa yokunyuka kweendleko kunye nobunzima, izinga lokungena lisezantsi kakhulu kwaye akukho bhonasi yokusebenza ihambelanayo.
"Isakhelo sesibuko ngokwaso solunye uhlobo, njengeshishini lezihlangu, wenza iimveliso zobukhulu obunye ukuhlangabezana nemilo eyahlukeneyo," kusho uSpaulding."Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kwimicelimngeni yobungakanani be-static ejongene nezihlangu, isakhelo akufuneki silingane nomsebenzisi kuphela, kodwa kufuneka sigcine ukusebenza, intuthuzelo kunye namandla kulo lonke uluhlu lobungakanani.
“Ngoko ke, nangona iqhelekile ukuba yindibaniselwano yeemilo ezininzi zesinyithi okanye i-carbon fiber, ukuntsonkotha kwezinto eziguquguqukayo zejometri ekudlaleni kunokwenza uphuhliso lwesakhelo, ngakumbi ukusuka ekuqaleni, lube ngumngeni ngakumbi kunecandelo elinye elinoxinzelelo lwecandelo eliphezulu kunye nobunzima.Ukwabelana ngesondo,” utshilo uSpalding."I-angle kunye nesikhundla samacandelo kunokuba nefuthe elimangalisayo ekusebenzeni."
UZak Pashak, umongameli weDetroit Bicycle Company wongezelela wathi: “Iibhilikhwe zezixhobo zebhayisekile zibandakanya izinto ezisisiseko ezingama-40 ezivela kubaboneleli abamalunga nama-30 abahlukeneyo.Inkampani yakhe eneminyaka eli-10 ubudala ikwisakhiwo sezitena esingaphawulwanga kwiWest Side yaseDetroit, eyayifudula iyinkampani yelogo.
Lo mzi-mveliso oziskweri ezingama-50,000 wohlukile kuba wenze yonke ibhayisekile ngesandla ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni, kuquka isakhelo namavili.Ngoku, ezi ndibano zimbini zivelisa umlinganiselo weebhayisekile ezingama-50 ngosuku, kodwa umzi-mveliso unokuvelisa iibhayisekile ezingama-300 ngosuku.Ukunqongophala kwehlabathi jikelele kwamalungu akhubaze ushishino lweebhayisikile luphela luthintela inkampani ekunyuseni imveliso.
Ukongeza ekuveliseni iibrendi zayo, kuquka imodeli edumileyo yabahambi bakaSparrow, iDetroit Bicycle Company ikwangumenzi wekhontrakthi.Iqokelele iibhayisekile zeDick's Sporting Goods kunye neenqwelomoya ezilungiselelwe izinto ezifana neFaygo, New Belgium Brewing kunye neToll Brothers.Njengoko u-Schwinn usandul 'ukugubha iminyaka eyi-125, i-Detroit Bikes ivelise uluhlu olukhethekileyo lweemodeli ze-500 Collegiate.
NgokukaPashak, iifreyimu ezininzi zebhayisekile zenziwe phesheya kolwandle.Nangona kunjalo, inkampani yakhe eneminyaka eyi-10 yahlukile kwishishini kuba isebenzisa intsimbi ye-chrome ukudibanisa iifreyimu ezenziwe eUnited States.Uninzi lwabavelisi beebhayisikile basekhaya basebenzisa iifreyimu zabo ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle.Ezinye iindawo, ezifana namatayara namavili, nazo zithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle.
"Sinawo amandla okwenza intsimbi ngaphakathi endlini esenza sikwazi ukuvelisa naluphi na uhlobo lwebhayisekile," kuchaza uPashak.“Le nkqubo iqala ngokusika nokugotywa kwimibhobho yentsimbi ekrwada yeemilo nobukhulu obahlukahlukeneyo.Ezi nxalenye ze-tubular zibekwe kwi-jig kwaye zidibanise ngesandla ukwenza isakhelo sebhayisikile.
“Phambi kokuba kupeyintwe yonke indibano, izibiyeli ezisetyenziselwa ukulungisa iziqhoboshi kunye neentambo zegiya nazo ziyakudityaniswa kwifreyimu,” utshilo uPashak.“Ishishini lebhayisekile lihamba kwicala elizenzekelayo, kodwa ngoku senza izinto ngendlela yakudala kuba asinamanani aneleyo okuthethelela ukutyala imali koomatshini abazisebenzelayo.”
Kwanowona mzi-mveliso mkhulu weebhayisekile eUnited States awufane usebenzise oomatshini, kodwa le meko iza kutshintsha.Isityalo se-BCA eManning, eSouth Carolina sinembali yeminyaka esixhenxe kwaye sigubungela indawo ye-204,000 yeenyawo zesikwere.Ivelisa iibhayisekile zentengiso enkulu yeAmazon, iDepot yaseKhaya, iThagethi, iWal-Mart kunye nabanye abathengi.Inemigca emibini yendibano ephathwayo-enye yeebhayisikile ezinesantya esinye kunye nenye yeebhayisikile ezinesantya ezininzi-enokuvelisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,500 yezithuthi ngosuku, ukongeza kwi-workshop ye-powder coating ye-state-of-art.
I-BCA ikwasebenzisa i-146,000 yeplanti ye-square foot assembly kumgama weemayile ezimbalwa.Ijolise kwiibhayisikile eziqhelekileyo kunye neemveliso ezincinci zebhetshi eziveliswe kwimigca yendibano yezandla.Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweemveliso zeBCA ziveliswa eMzantsi-mpuma Asia.
"Nangona senze okuninzi eMzantsi Carolina, i-akhawunti kuphela malunga ne-15% yengeniso yethu," kusho u-Arnold Kamler, i-CEO ye-Kent International.“Kusafuneka singenise phantse onke amalungu esiwadibanisayo.Nangona kunjalo, senza iifreyimu, iifolokhwe, ii-handlebars kunye neerim e-United States.
“Nangona kunjalo, ukuze sisebenze, indawo yethu entsha kufuneka isebenze kakhulu,” uyacacisa uKamler.“Sithetha ngoku sithenga izixhobo esizidingayo.Siceba ukwenza eli ziko lisebenze kwiminyaka emibini.
UKamler, osebenze kwishishini lentsapho iminyaka engama-50 uthi: “Usukelo lwethu kukunciphisa ixesha lokuhambisa iimpahla.“Sifuna ukukwazi ukuzibophelela kwimodeli ethile kwiintsuku ezingama-30 kwangaphambili.Ngoku, ngenxa yekhonkco lonikezelo lwangaphandle, kufuneka senze isigqibo kwaye si-odole iinxalenye kwiinyanga ezintandathu kwangaphambili. ”
"Ukufezekisa impumelelo yexesha elide, kufuneka songeze ngakumbi i-automation," kusho uKamler.“Umzi-mveliso wethu sele unawo amavili okwenza oomatshini.Ngokomzekelo, sinomatshini ofaka izipeki kwindawo enamavili kunye nomnye umatshini wolula ivili.
“Nangona kunjalo, kwelinye icala lomzi-mveliso, umgca wokudityaniswa usenamandla, awahlukanga kangako kwindlela owawuyiyo kwiminyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo,” utshilo uKamler.“Kungoku nje sisebenzisana neeyunivesithi ezininzi ukusombulula le ngxaki.Sinethemba lokusebenzisa iirobhothi kwizicelo ezithile kule minyaka mibini izayo. ”
UMlawuli oyiNtloko weAkhawunti yeGlobal yeFanuc America Corp uJames Cooper wongeze wathi: “Siyabona ukuba abavelisi beebhayisikile baya besiba nomdla ngakumbi kwiirobhothi, ngakumbi iinkampani ezivelisa iibhayisekile ezimileyo kunye neebhayisekile zombane, ezithanda ukuba nzima.”Umzi-mveliso, iibhayisekile Ukubuyiswa kwemisebenzi yoshishino kuya kukhuthaza ukwanda kwemfuno ye-automation kwixesha elizayo.”
Kwinkulungwane eyadlulayo, iWest Side yaseChicago yayiliziko lokwenziwa kweebhayisekile.Ukusukela ekuqaleni koo-1880 ukuya ekuqaleni koo-1980, ubunzima benkampani yaseWindy City yavelisa iibhayisekile ngemibala eyahlukeneyo, imilo kunye nobukhulu.Enyanisweni, phantse kwinkulungwane yama-20, ngaphezu kwesibini kwisithathu sazo zonke iibhayisekile ezithengiswa eUnited States zadityaniswa eChicago.
Enye yeenkampani zokuqala kolu shishino, uLoring & Keene (owayekade engumenzi wemibhobho yamanzi), waqalisa ukuvelisa uhlobo olutsha lwesixhobo esibizwa ngokuba “yibhayisekile” ngowe-1869. Ngeminyaka yee-1890, icandelo leLake Street lalisaziwa ekuhlaleni njengeqela lebhayisekile. ” kuba yayilikhaya labavelisi abangaphezu kwama-40.Ngowe-1897, iinkampani ezingama-88 zaseChicago zavelisa iibhayisekile ezingama-250,000 ngonyaka.
Iifektri ezininzi zizifektri ezincinci, kodwa ezimbalwa ziye zaba ziinkampani ezinkulu, zidala ubugcisa bokuvelisa ngobuninzi obathi ekugqibeleni bamkelwa lishishini leemoto.I-Gormully & Jeffery Manufacturing Co. yayiyenye yabenzi beebhayisikile ezinkulu eMelika ukusuka ngo-1878 ukuya ku-1900. Iqhutywa nguR. Philip Gormully kunye noThomas Jeffery.
Ekuqaleni, uGormully kunye noJeffery bavelisa iipeni ezinamavili aphezulu, kodwa ekugqibeleni baphuhlisa uthotho lwebhayisekile “ekhuselekileyo” phantsi kohlobo lweRambler.Le nkampani yafunyanwa yiNkampani yeBhayisikile yaseMelika ngowe-1900.
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uThomas Jeffery waqala ukuvelisa iimoto zeRambler kumzi-mveliso oziikhilomitha ezingama-50 kumantla eChicago eKenosha, eWisconsin, kwaye waba nguvulindlela kwasekuqaleni kwishishini leemoto laseMelika.Ngothotho lokudityaniswa kunye nokufunyanwa, inkampani kaJeffrey ekugqibeleni yavela kwiimoto zaseMelika kunye neChrysler.
Omnye umenzi ovelisa izinto ezintsha yiWestern Wheel Works, eyakha yaqhuba owona mzi-mveliso mkhulu webhayisekile kwihlabathi kwicala elingasentla laseChicago.Ngeminyaka yoo-1890, inkampani yaba nguvulindlela kwitekhnoloji yokuvelisa ubuninzi obufana nesitampu sentsimbi kunye nokumelana nokuwelda.I-Western Wheel Works yinkampani yokuqala yebhayisikile yaseMelika ukusebenzisa iintsimbi ezinesitampu ukudibanisa iimveliso zayo, kubandakanywa neyona brand ithengisa kakhulu iCrescent.
Kwiminyaka emininzi, ukumkani weshishini lebhayisikili nguArnold, Schwinn & Co. Inkampani yasungulwa kwi-1895 ngumenzi webhayisiki waseJamani ogama lingu-Ignaz Schwinn, owafudukela e-United States waza wahlala e-Chicago ekuqaleni kwe-1890s.
U-Schwinn ugqibelele ubugcisa bokubrawuza kunye nokuwelda intsimbi ye-tubular ukwenza isakhelo esomeleleyo, esikhaphukhaphu.Ugqaliselo kumgangatho, uyilo olutsala amehlo, amandla okuthengisa angenakuthelekiswa nanto kunye nekhonkco lobonelelo oluthe nkqo oludityanisiweyo lunceda inkampani ukuba ilawule ishishini lebhayisekile.Ngowe-1950, ibhayisekile enye kwezine ezithengiswa eUnited States yayinguShwinn.Inkampani yavelisa iibhayisikili ze-1 yezigidi kwi-1968. Nangona kunjalo, i-Schwinn yokugqibela eyenziwa e-Chicago yenziwa kwi-1982.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-22-2021