Ulwazi lwelensi
Okokuqala, i-lens optics
Iilensi zokulungisa: injongo ephambili yokusetyenziswa kweeglasi kukulungisa impazamo ye-refractive yeliso lomntu kunye nokwandisa umbono.Iiglasi ezinomsebenzi onjalo zibizwa ngokuba "ziiglasi zokulungisa".
Iiglasi zokulungisa zidla ngokuba yi-lens enye, eyenziwe ngeglasi okanye iplastiki ecacileyo.Eyona ilula yintlanganisela yeengqukuva ezimbini eziqulethe i-transparent and uniform refractive stroma exinene kunomoya, ngokudibeneyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-lens.Umtha osasazekileyo wokukhanya ophuma kwindawo ethile kwindawo egotywe nge-lens ukwenza indawo yomfanekiso omnye kwaye amanqaku emizobo amaninzi adityanisiwe ukwenza umfanekiso.
Ilensi:
Ngokweepropathi zelensi, inokwahlulwa ibe ilensi entle okanye engalunganga.
1. ILens eDityanisiweyo
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-convex lens, ukuhlangana kokukhanya, no-“+”.
(2) Susa iLensi
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-lens ye-concave, ukukhanya kunempembelelo yokusabalalisa, eboniswa ngu "-".
Kukho iithiyori ezimbini ezahlukeneyo malunga nokuba kutheni iiglasi zokulungisa zinokulungisa impazamo yeliso lomntu:
1. Emva kokuba iliso le-refractive aberration lidibaniswe ne-lens yokulungisa, inhlanganisela ye-refractive iyonke yenziwa.Olu luhlu oludibeneyo lwe-refractive lune-diopter entsha, enokwenza umfanekiso wento ekude kwi-photoreceptor layer ye-retina yeso.
2. Kwamehlo abona kude, imiqadi imele idityaniswe ngaphambi kokuba idibane ngeliso lomntu;Kwamehlo e-myopic, imiqadi kufuneka ihluke ngaphambi kokuba idibane neliso lomntu.I-diopter efanelekileyo yeeglasi ze-orthotic isetyenziselwa ukuguqula ukuhlukana komqadi ofikelela kwiso.
Igama eliqhelekileyo lelensi engqukuva
Igophe: Igophe lengqukuva.
ø Radius of curvature: iradiyasi yegophe learc engqukuva.I-radius ye-curvature imfutshane, kokukhona i-curvature enkulu ye-arc engqukuva.
ø Umbindi Wokukhanya: Xa imitha yokukhanya iqondiswe kweli nqanaba, akukho zijijo kwaye zijike.
Imiqadi yokukhanya enxuseneyo iyajika iye kwindawo emva kokudlula kwilensi, okanye umgca wokwandisa umva ujikela kwindawo, ebizwa ngokuba yiFocus.
I-refraction yeglasi
Ngo-1899, uGullstrand wenza isiphakamiso sokuthatha ubude obulinganayo njengeyunithi ye-refraction force ye-lens, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Dioptre" okanye "D" (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-focal degree).
D=1/f
Apho, f bububude obugxininisiweyo belensi kwiimitha;D umele idiopter.
Umzekelo: ubude bojoliso ziimitha ezi-2, D=1/2=0.50D
Ubude bojoliso yi-0.25 m, D=1/0.25=4.00D
I-Diopta yeSpherical
Ifomula: F = N '- (N)/R
R yiradiyasi yegophe lengqukuva kwiimitha.I-N 'kunye no-N zizikhombisi eziphinda-phindayo zeendaba eziphinda-phindayo kumacala omabini esphere.Kwiglasi yesithsaba, xa R=0.25 m,
F= (1.523-1.00) /0.25=2.092D
Ilensi yamehlo yilensi eyenziwe zizingqukuva ezimbini, ezine-diopters ezilingana ne-algebraic sum ye-spherical diopters yangaphambili nelensi yangasemva.
D=F1+F2= (n1-n) /R1+ (N-n1) /R2= (N1-1) (1/R1-1/R2)
Ke ngoko, ukuchaswa kwelensi kuhambelana nesalathiso se-refractive se-lens material kunye ne-radius ye-curvature yangaphambili kunye neendawo zangasemva ze-lens.I-radius ye-curvature ye-front and back surfaces ye-lens iyafana, kwaye isalathisi se-refractive siphezulu, ixabiso elipheleleyo le-lens diopter liphezulu.Ngokuchasene noko, i-lens ene-diopter efanayo ine-index ye-refractive enkulu kunye ne-radius encinci ye-radius phakathi kwangaphambili nangemuva.
Isibini, uhlobo lwelensi
Ukwahlula (ukukhanya) ngeepropati ezikhanyayo
Isipili esisicaba: isipili esisicaba, akukho sipili;
Isipili esingqukuva: ukukhanya okungqukuva;
Isibuko seCylindrical: i-astigmatism;
3. Ukutshintsha indlela yokukhanya (ukulungisa izifo ezithile zamehlo).
Ngokobume bengqwalasela
Iilensi ezingagxiliyo: isicaba, iprism;
Ilensi yojoliso olunye: i-myopia, ilensi yokujonga kude;
I-Multifocal lens: ilensi yokujolisa kabini okanye ilensi eqhubekayo
Ngokweempawu ezisebenzayo
Ukulungiswa okubonakalayo
I-refractive embi
ukungasebenzi kakuhle
Isibuko se-Amblyopia
ukhuselo
Ukukhuselwa ekukhanyeni okuyingozi;
Lawula ukukhanya okubonakalayo (Iiglasi zelanga)
Ukukhuselwa kwizinto ezinobungozi (izibuko ezikhuselayo)
Ngokweengongoma eziphathekayo
Izinto zendalo
Izinto zeglasi
Izinto zeplastiki
Okwesithathu, ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo zelensi
Izinto zendalo
Ilensi yeCrystal: Esona sithako siphambili yisilica.Yahlulahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezimbini ezingenambala nezimbi.
Izinto eziluncedo: kunzima, akukho lula ukunxiba;Akukho lula ukumanzisa (inkungu akulula ukuyigcina kumphezulu wayo);I-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal incinci.
Ukungalungi: i-uv ine-transparency eyodwa, kulula ukubangela ukudinwa okubonakalayo;Uxinzelelo alufani, kulula ukuqulatha ukungcola, okukhokelela kwi-birefringence;Iyabiza.
iglasi
1. Imbali:
Iglasi yeCorona isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kwaye eyona nxalenye iphambili yisilica.Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okubonakalayo yi-80% -91.6% kunye ne-refractive index yi-1.512-1.53.Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yokungaqhelekanga kwe-refractive, i-glass lead ene-high refractive index ye-1.6-1.9 isetyenziswa.
2, iimpawu zamehlo:
(1) Isalathiso se-refractive: n=1.523, 1.702, njl
(2) ukusasazwa: kuba kukho iirefraction ezahlukeneyo zobude obuhlukeneyo bokukhanya
(3) Ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya: xa siphezulu isalathiso se-refractive, imbonakalo enkulu
(4) ukufunxa: xa ukukhanya kudlula kwiglasi, ubunzulu bayo buyancipha ngokunyuka kobunzima.
(5) I-Birefringence: i-isotropy iyafuneka ngokubanzi
6
3. Iindidi zeelensi zeglasi:
(1) Iipilisi zeToric
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yipleyiti emhlophe, ipleyiti emhlophe, ipleyiti emhlophe ekhanyayo
Izithako ezisisiseko: i-sodium titanium silicate
Iimpawu: i-transparent engenambala, inkcazo ephezulu;Iyakwazi ukufunxa imitha ye-ultraviolet engaphantsi kwe-330A, kwaye yongeze i-CeO2 kunye ne-TiO2 kwithebhulethi emhlophe ukuthintela imitha ye-ultraviolet engaphantsi kwe-346A, ebizwa ngokuba yi-UV emhlophe tablet.Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okubonakalayo yi-91-92%, kunye ne-refractive index yi-1.523.
(2) Ithebhulethi yeCroxus
UWilliam waseNgilani ngowe-1914. Yaqanjwa nguCroxus.
Iimpawu: Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya 87%
Impembelelo yemibala emibini: eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phantsi kokukhanya kwelanga, eyaziwa ngokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Kodwa kwisibane se-incandescent ukukhanya okubomvu (okuqulethe i-metal element ye-neodymium) inokufunxa i-340A ngaphantsi kwe-ultraviolet, inxalenye ye-infrared kunye ne-580A ukukhanya okubonakalayo okuphuzi;Ngoku kunqabile ukusetyenziswa
(3) Amacwecwe eCroseto
I-CeO2 kunye ne-MnO2 zongezwa kwizinto ze-lens zesiseko ezimhlophe ukuphucula umthamo we-ultraviolet absorption.Olu hlobo lwelensi lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-red sheet kuba ibonisa ukukhanya okubomvu phantsi kokukhanya kwelanga kunye nesibane esikhanyayo.
Iimpawu: inokufunxa imitha ye-ultraviolet engaphantsi kwe-350A;Ukuhanjiswa kungaphezulu kwama-88%;
(4) ifilimu ebhityile kakhulu
Ukongeza i-TiO2 kunye ne-PbO kwizinto eziluhlaza kwandisa isalathisi se-refractive.Isalathiso se-refractive yi-1.70,
Iimpawu: malunga ne-1/3 encinci kune-tablet eqhelekileyo emhlophe okanye ebomvu ene-diopter efanayo, ifanelekile kwi-myopia ephakamileyo, imbonakalo enhle;I-coefficient ye-Abbe iphantsi, i-aberration yombala inkulu, kulula ukubangela ukunciphisa umbono we-peripheral, ukugoba komgca, umbala;Ukubonakala okuphezulu komphezulu.
(5) 1.60 ilensi yeglasi
Iimpawu: Isalathiso se-refractive yi-1.60, incinci kune-lens yeglasi eqhelekileyo (1.523), kwaye incinci kune-ultra-thin lens (1.70) inomlinganiselo omncinci, ngoko ikhaphukhaphu, ifaneleke kakhulu kubantu abanxiba isidanga esiphakathi, abanye abavelisi bayibiza ngokuba yi-ultra-light. kunye ne-ultra-thin lens.
Iilensi zeplastiki
Ilensi yokuqala ye-thermoplastic eyenziwe ngo-1940 (Acrylic)
Ngowe-1942, iPittsburgh plate Glass Company, eUnited States, yenza izinto zeCR-39, (C imele iColumbia Space Agency, uR imele iResin Resin) ngoxa ilungiselela izixhobo zesiphekepheke seNASA.
Ngo-1954, uEssilor wenza iilensi zelanga ze-cr-39
Ngo-1956, inkampani ye-Essilor yaseFransi yavelisa ngempumelelo i-lens yokukhanya nge-CR-39.
Ukususela ngoko, iilensi ze-resin bezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi.Ngo-1994, umthamo wentengiso yehlabathi ufikelele kwi-30% yenani lilonke lelensi.
Iilensi zeplastiki:
1, i-polymethyl methacrylate (iphepha le-acrylic, i-ACRYLICLENS)]
Iimpawu: isalathiso se-refractive 1.499;Umxhuzulane okhethekileyo 1.19;Isetyenziswe kwangaphambili kwiilensi zokudibanisa ezinzima;Ukuqina akulunganga, umphezulu kulula ukuwukrwempa;Ngoku isetyenziselwa iiglasi esele zenziwe, njengeeglasi zokufunda.
Iinzuzo: Ikhaphukhaphu kunelensi zeglasi.
Ukungalungi: ukuqina komphezulu njengelensi yeglasi;Iimpawu ze-optical zingaphantsi kwiilensi zeglasi.
2, iphepha le-resin (oyena mmeli ngu-CR-39)
Iimpawu: igama lekhemikhali yipropylene diethylene glycol carbonate, yinto enzima kwaye ebonakalayo;Isalathiso se-refractive yi-1.499;Ukuhanjiswa kwama-92%;Uzinzo lwe-Thermal: akukho deformation ngaphantsi kwe-150 ℃;Amanzi alungileyo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala (ngaphandle kwe-asidi eyomeleleyo), i-insoluble ngokubanzi kwi-solvents eziphilayo.
Izinto eziluncedo: ubunzima obuthile be-1.32, isiqingatha seglasi, ukukhanya;Ukuchasana nempembelelo, ukungonakali, ingqiqo enamandla yokhuseleko (ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ye-FDA);Ukhululekile ukunxiba;Ukulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa okubanzi (kubandakanywa nokusetyenziswa kwesakhelo sesiqingatha, isakhelo esingenasiphelo);Uluhlu lweemveliso ezityebileyo (ukukhanya okukodwa, ukukhanya okuphindwe kabini, ukugxila kwizinto ezininzi, i-cataract, utshintsho lombala, njl.);Umthamo wayo wokufunxa we-uv uphezulu ngokulula kunelensi yeglasi;Inokudaywa ngemibala eyahlukeneyo;
I-Thermal conductivity iphantsi, kwaye "inkungu yamanzi" ebangelwa ngumphunga wamanzi ingcono kunelensi zeglasi.
Izinto ezingeloncedo: ukunganxibi kakuhle kwe-lens, kulula ukuyikrwempa;Ngesalathisi esisezantsi se-refractive, i-lens i-1.2-1.3 amaxesha amaninzi kune-glass lens.
Uphuhliso:
(1) Ukoyisa ukuxhathisa kokunxitywa kwezinto, phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1980, iteknoloji yokuqina kwelensi yaphumelela;I-lens ye-resin ngokubanzi, ubunzima bobunzima bomphezulu we-2-3h, emva konyango olunzima, ubunzima ukuya kwi-4-5h, okwangoku, iinkampani ezininzi ziye zaqalisa ubunzima ukuya kwi-6-7h i-lens super hard resin.(2) Ukuze kuncitshiswe ubukhulu be-lens, amaphepha e-resin anezalathisi ezahlukeneyo ze-refractive ziphuhliswe ngempumelelo
(3) unyango inkungu manzi: ukutyabeka umaleko bhanyabhanya nzima, onoxanduva iimolekyuli ukufuma okuncangathi, onoxanduva iimolekyuli zokufunxa ukufuma, iimolekyuli ubulukhuni umphezulu.Xa ubumanzi bemekobume buphantsi kunobo be-lens, i-membrane ikhupha ukufuma.Xa ukufuma kwendalo kuphezulu kunoko kwelensi, inwebu ifunxa amanzi.Xa ubumanzi be-ambient buphezulu kakhulu kunobumanzi belensi, iimolekyuli zokufuma ezincangathi zijika amanzi amaninzi abe yifilim yamanzi.
3. I-Polycarbonate (ithebhulethi yePC) ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-lens yendawo kwimarike.
Iimpawu: i-refractive index 1.586;Ubunzima obulula;Ngokukodwa ezifanelekileyo kwizakhelo ezingenafreyimu.
Izinto eziluncedo: Ukuchasana nempembelelo enamandla;Ukumelana nempembelelo ngakumbi kuneelensi zeresin.
Iilensi ezikhethekileyo
Ifilimu yePhotochromic
Iimpawu: iincinci zesilivere ze-halide zongezwa kwizinto eziluhlaza ze-lens.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo semitha ye-ultraviolet ekukhanyeni kwelanga, i-halide yesilivere ibolile ibe yi-halogen ion kunye ne-ion yesilivere, ngaloo ndlela itshintsha umbala.Ngokobunzulu bokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ekukhanyeni kwelanga, iqondo lokutshintsha kwebala likwahlukile;Xa i-uv inyamalala, ilensi itshintsha ibuyele kumbala wayo wokuqala.
Izinto eziluncedo: Ukulungisa iimpazamo zokujonga izigulana kwaye ziphindwe kabini njengeeglasi zelanga ngaphandle.
Uyakwazi ukulungelelanisa ukukhanya kwiliso nangaliphi na ixesha ukugcina umbono ofanelekileyo;Kungakhathaliseki ukuba injani na imeko yayo, ihlala ifunxa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kakuhle;
Ukungalungi: i-lens engqindilili, ngokubanzi iglasi ye-1.523;Xa idigri iphezulu, umbala awufani (i-lighter phakathi).Emva kwexesha elide le-lens, isiphumo sokutshintsha kombala kunye nesantya sokutshintsha kombala siyacotha;Umbala wephepha elinye awuhambelani
Iimbangela zokutshintsha kwebala
I-1, uhlobo lomthombo wokukhanya: i-ultraviolet short wavelength light irradiation, ukutshintsha kombala okukhawulezayo, ukugxila okukhulu;I-Ultraviolet ubude be-wavelength light irradiation, utshintsho lombala olucothayo, ukugxininiswa okuncinci.
2. Ubunzulu bokukhanya: Okukhona ukukhanya kukude, kokukhona utshintsha umbala ngokukhawuleza kwaye kokukhona uxinaniso luphezulu (ithafa nekhephu)
I-3, iqondo lobushushu: ngokukhona iqondo lobushushu liphezulu, ngokukhawuleza utshintsho lombala, kokukhona ugxininiso olukhulu.
I-4, ubukhulu belensi: okukhona i-lens ijiya, kokukhona i-discoloration concentration (akukho mpembelelo kwisantya)
Iingcebiso zokuthengisa iipilisi ze-photochromic
1. Xa utshintsha ishidi elinye, umbala udla ngokungahambelani.Kucetyiswa ukuba abathengi batshintshe iziqwenga ezimbini ngexesha elinye.
2, ngenxa yokuncipha kancinci, rhoqo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwabathengi abangaphakathi, ayikhuthazwa (abafundi)
3. Ngenxa yobunzima obuhlukeneyo be-lens kunye nokugxininiswa kwe-discoloration, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungahambelani ukuba umehluko we-diopter phakathi kwamehlo amabini omthengi ungaphezulu kwe-2.00d.
I-4, i-myopia ephezulu iziva imnyama, enye i-edge kunye nombala ophakathi, awumhle.
I-5, isiphumo sombala wokufunda iiglasi kwiziko liphantsi, hayi ngombala wokutshintsha ilens.
I-6, umahluko phakathi kweelensi zasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle: zasekhaya kuneelensi eziphuma kumazwe angaphandle umbala ocothayo, ubumnyama obucothayo, umbala onzulu, umbala othambileyo ongenisiweyo.
Ilensi yokuchasana nemitha:
Kwizinto ze-lens zokongeza izinto ezikhethekileyo okanye ifilimu ekhethekileyo echasene ne-reflective, ukuthintela ukukhanya kwe-radiation ukukhulula ukukhathala kwamehlo.
Iilensi zeAspherical:
Inqwelomoya yokujikeleza (efana neparabola) enecandelo elingeyosetyhula elifanayo kuzo zonke iimeridians.Umbono we-edge awukho ukuphazamiseka kwaye i-1/3 incinci kune-lens eziqhelekileyo (i-prism iyancipha).
Ilensi yokuphola:
Ilensi enokukhanya engcangcazelayo kwicala elinye kuphela ibizwa ngokuba yi-polarizing lens.
Injongo yokusebenzisa iilensi ze-polarizing: ukuthintela ilitha lokukhanya elibonakala kumphezulu osicaba.
Imiqathango yokusetyenziswa:
(1) Ukuqina akulunganga, ixesha elide ukudibana namanzi, ifilimu yomphezulu kulula ukuwa.
(2) xa ufaka isakhelo sesibuko, ukuba kukho uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, luya kuchaphazela umphumo walo we-polarization.
Isiqwenga sokukhanya kabini
Iimpawu: kukho iindawo ezimbini zokugxila kwi-lens enye, kunye ne-lens encinci ebekwe phezulu kwi-lens eqhelekileyo;Isetyenziselwa izigulane ezine-presbyopia ukubona kude nakufuphi ngokutshintshanayo;Okungaphezulu kukukhanya xa ujonge kude (ngamanye amaxesha kucaba), kwaye ukukhanya okusezantsi kukukhanya xa kufundwa;Ixabiso lomgama libizwa ngokuba kukukhanya okuphezulu, ixabiso elisondeleyo libizwa ngokuba kukukhanya okuphantsi, kwaye umahluko phakathi kokukhanya okungaphezulu kunye nokuphantsi yi-ADD (ukukhanya okongeziweyo).
Izinto eziluncedo: izigulane ze-presbyopia akufuneki zitshintshe iiglasi xa zibona kufuphi nakude.
Ukungalungi: jonga kude kwaye ubone uguquko olusondeleyo xa utsiba into (i-prism effect);Ngokucacileyo yahlukile kwiilensi eziqhelekileyo ngenkangeleko.Intsimi yombono incinci.
Ngokohlobo lwenxalenye yokukhanya phantsi kwe-bifocal lens, inokwahlulwa ibe:
Ukubengezela kokukhanya
Iimpawu: indawo yokubona ephezulu phantsi kokukhanya, umfanekiso omncinci wokutsiba into, umbala omncinci wombala, ubukhulu bomphetho omkhulu, impembelelo entle, ubunzima obukhulu.
Ukukhanya okuphindwe kabini
Ukukhanya okuphindwe kabini kweDome (ukukhanya okuphindwe kabini okungabonakaliyo)
Iimpawu: umgca womda awucacanga;Ubukhulu bomphetho abunyuki ngokunyuka kweqondo elisondeleyo lokusetyenziswa;Kodwa isenzeko sokutsiba komfanekiso sicacile
Iilensi ezininzi eziqhubekayo
Iimpawu: Iindawo ezininzi zokugxila kwilensi enye;Iqondo lebhendi eqhubekayo phakathi kwelensi itshintsha inqaku ngenqaku ukusuka phezulu ukuya ngasezantsi.
Izinto eziluncedo: i-lens efanayo iyakwazi ukubona umgama omde, ophakathi nokufutshane;I-lens ayinayo imida ecacileyo, ngoko akulula ukuqaphela.Ukusuka kwicala elithe nkqo kwindawo esembindini yamehlo musa ukuziva jumping isenzeko.
Ukungalungi: Ixabiso eliphezulu;Uvavanyo lunzima;Kukho iindawo ezingaboniyo kumacala omabini e-lens;Ilensi etyebileyo, ngokubanzi i-1.50 resin imathiriyeli (entsha 1.60)
Ukuthelekiswa kweempawu phakathi kwe-bifocal lens kunye ne-asymptotic multi-focus lens
Ukukhanya kabini:
(1) Kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo.Inkangeleko ayintle, inika abantu ingcamango yokuba lowo uyinxibileyo mdala
(2) umgama ophakathi awucacanga, njengaku: ukudlala imahjong, njl.
(3) Ngenxa yobukho beendawo ezimbini ekugxilwe kuzo, okukhokelela kwimiqobo ebonakalayo: umfanekiso ugxadazele okanye utsibe, ukuze umsebenzisi abe nemvakalelo yokunyathela kwindawo engenanto, engenakuzithemba ukuhamba kwizinyuko okanye phakathi kwezitrato.
(4) Ukusetyenziswa kunye nophuhliso lwamathemba ezinto eziphathekayo lulinganiselwe.
Amanyathelo:
(1) Ukusuka kude ukuya kufutshane nomgca ongaphazanyiswayo, umgama ophakathi uyacaca.
(2) Imbonakalo entle, akukho xesha libonakalayo.
(3) Tsiba ngaphandle komfanekiso, hamba ngokuzithemba kwizinyuko naphakathi kwezitrato.
(4) Zombini ukuyila kunye nezixhobo ziyaguquka.
(5) ibhityile kunelensi enye.
(6) Ukunciphisa ukukhathala kwamehlo kunye nokuphucula impilo ebonakalayo.
Iilensi ezininzi zokugxila zifanelekile kwizinto
(1) I-Presbyopia, ngakumbi i-presbyopia yokuqala.
(2) Abo bangonelisekanga kukunxiba iiperisi ezimbini zeendondo (ukubona kude nokubona kufutshane).
(3) Abo bangonelisekanga kukunxiba ii-bifocals zesiNtu.
(4) Izigulane ze-myopia ezifikisayo.
Ngokomsebenzi:
Ifanelekile: abatshintshi bamehlo rhoqo, oonjingalwazi (abahlohli), abaphathi (intlanganiso), abanini beevenkile, abadlali bamakhadi.
Okungathandekiyo: ugqirha wamazinyo, abasebenzi bombane okanye oomatshini (kaninzi kufuneka bavale i-strabismus okanye bajonge phezulu), ixesha lokusebenza elivaliweyo lide kakhulu, ukuba ufuna intloko ehamba ngokukhawuleza, nokuba ufuna ukusondela ekuboneni xa ujonge phezulu, njengokujonga itafile okanye ishelufu eludongeni (umqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye nabasebenzi bombane, abasebenzi bezixhobo ezinkulu), nokuba bajonge phantsi kumbono okude (abasebenzi bokwakha, njl.njl.)
NgokwePhysiology:
Ifanelekile: indawo yeliso kunye nokuhlangana komntu oqhelekileyo, iiglasi ezimbini zokwahlukana komntu omncinci, iiglasi ze-myopia
Okungathandekiyo: i-strabismus okanye i-strabismus efihliweyo, i-eyelid hypertrophic ithintela umgca wokubona, i-astigmatism ephezulu, ukukhanya okuphezulu okuphezulu kunye ne-ADD ephezulu yabantu.
Ngobudala:
Ifanelekile: izigulane ze-presbyopia zakuqala malunga neminyaka engama-40 ubudala (kulula ukuziqhelanisa ngenxa yeqondo eliphantsi le-ADD)
Okungathandekiyo: Okwangoku, i-ADD yomdlalo wokuqala e-China iphezulu kakhulu.Ukuba i-ADD idlula i-2.5d, nokuba imeko ye-physiological ilungile okanye hayi kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.
Ukusuka kwimbali yokunxiba izipili:
Ifanelekile: abanxibi bangaphambili be-bifocals, i-myopic presbyopia (i-myopic progressive multi-focus lens zezona zilula ukuziqhelanisa nazo)
Okungafanelekanga: i-original ayigqoki i-astigmatism lens, ngoku i-degree ye-astigmatism iphezulu okanye inembali yokugqoka i-lens kodwa i-astigmatism iphezulu kakhulu (ngokubanzi ngaphezu kwe-2.00d);I-anisometropia;
Indlela yokuchaza imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kwiindwendwe
(1) Yazisa ukuhanjiswa kwedigri yelensi kunye nokusasazwa kwe-aberration
(2) Xa umthengi ebeka amehlo, khokela umthengi ukuba afumane eyona ndawo ibonakalayo ngokuhambisa indawo yentloko (hambisa amehlo phezulu naphantsi, hambisa intloko ngasekhohlo nasekunene)
(3) ngokubanzi iintsuku ezi-3-14 zexesha lokulungelelanisa, ukwenzela ukuba ingqondo yenze i-reflex conditioned, ngokuthe ngcembe ilungelelanise (ukongeza idigri, ixesha lokulungelelanisa lide).
Iimpawu zeengxaki ngeelensi eziqhubekayo
Indawo yokufunda incinci kakhulu
Ukungaboni kakuhle
Isiyezi, imvakalelo engathandekiyo, imvakalelo ebhadulayo, imvakalelo yokungcangcazela
Ukungaboni kakuhle okude kunye nezinto eziluzizi
Jika okanye ujikelise intloko yakho ukuze ubone xa ufunda
Izizathu ezinokwenzeka zeengxaki ngeelensi eziqhubekayo
Umgama ongalunganga phakathi komfundi weliso elinye
Ubude belensi abuchanekanga
Idioptha engalunganga
Ukhetho olungalunganga lwesakhelo kunye nokunxiba
Utshintsho kwisiseko se-arc (ngokuqhelekileyo sicaba)
Yalela umthengi ukuba asebenzise ilensi eqhubekayo
(1) Ukusetyenziswa kwendawo ekude
"Nceda ujonge kude kwaye ugxininise kumbono ocacileyo" ubonisa utshintsho kwimbono engacacanga kwaye ecacileyo ekude njengoko isilevu sinyuka sinyuka.
(2) Ukusetyenziswa kwendawo ekufutshane esetyenziswayo
"Nceda ujonge iphephandaba kwaye ujonge apho ungabona khona ngokucacileyo."Bonisa utshintsho kumbono xa uhambisa intloko ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye okanye uhambisa iphephandaba.
(3) Ukusetyenziswa kwendawo ephakathi
"Nceda ujonge iphephandaba kwaye ujonge apho ungabona khona ngokucacileyo."Shenxisela iphephandaba ngaphandle ukwandisa umgama wokufunda.Bonisa indlela okunokubuyiselwa ngayo ukubona mfiliba ngokulungisa ukuma kwentloko okanye ngokuhambisa iphephandaba.Bonisa utshintsho kumbono xa uhambisa intloko okanye iphephandaba kwicala ukuya kwelinye.
Isihlanu, ezinye iiparamitha ezibalulekileyo zelensi
Isalathiso se-refractive
Isalathiso se-refractive se-lens sinqunywe yimpahla esetyenzisiweyo.Ezinye iiparameters ziyafana, i-lens ene-high refractive index iyancipha.
I-Lens diopta (i-vertex focus)
Kwiiyunithi ze-D, i-1D ilingana nento ebizwa ngokuba yi-100 degrees.
Ubukhulu beziko leLensi (T)
Kwizinto ezifanayo kunye nokukhanya, ubukhulu beziko bunquma ngokuthe ngqo ubukhulu bomphetho welensi.Ngokwethiyori, ubuncinci ubukhulu beziko, buncinci ukubonakala kwelensi, kodwa ubukhulu obuncinci beziko buya kubangela.
1. Iilensi zi-ethe-ethe, azikhuselekanga ukunxitywa kwaye kunzima ukuzilungisa nokuzihambisa.
2. Ukukhanya kweziko kulula ukutshintsha.Ke ngoko umgangatho wesizwe unommiselo ohambelana nobukhulu beziko lelensi, ilensi yokwenyani enesiqinisekiso inokuba ngqindilili endaweni yoko.Ubukhulu beziko lokhuseleko lwelensi yeglasi>0.7mm Ubukhulu beziko lokhuseleko lwelensi yeresin>1.1mm
Idayamitha yelensi
Ibhekisa kububanzi belensi engqukuva erhabaxa.
Okukhona ubukhulu bedayamitha yelensi, kokukhona kubalula kumenzi wesixhobo ukufumana umgama ochanekileyo womfundi.
Ubukhulu bedayamitha, kokukhona umbindi uyatyeba
Inkulu i-diameter ye-lens, iphezulu iindleko ezihambelanayo
Ezintandathu, anti - iteknoloji yefilimu
(1) ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya;Ukuze i-coating ibonise ukukhanya kunye ne-lens ibonise ukukhanya kwe-crest kunye ne-trough ehambelanayo.
(2) Iimeko zokwenza ubungakanani bereferensi yelensi enguziro (ifilimu yemonolayer) :
A. Isalathiso se-refractive sezinto zokugubungela zifana nengcambu yesikwele yesalathisi se-refractive ye-lens material.Xa n=1.523, n1=1.234.
B. Ubukhulu bokugquma yi-1/4 yobude bobude bokukhanya kwesiganeko, i-wavelength etyheli yi-550nm, kunye nobukhulu bokugquma yi-138 nm.
(3) Izinto zokugquma kunye neendlela
Izinto eziphathekayo: MgF2, Sb2O3, SiO2
Iindlela: Vacuum phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu
(4) Iimpawu zelensi edibeneyo
Izinto eziluncedo: ukuphucula ukuhanjiswa, ukwandisa ukucaca;Intle, akukho mbonakalo icacileyo;Ukunciphisa i-lens vortexes (i-vortexes ibangelwa ukukhanya okubonakaliswe kwi-periphery ye-lens ebonisa ngaphambili nangasemva kwelensi amaxesha amaninzi);Susa inkohliso (ubuso obungaphakathi be-lens yamkela ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya kwesiganeko emva kwayo kwiso, okulula ukuvelisa ukukhathala okubonakalayo);Ukonyuka kokuchasana nokukhanya okuyingozi (okuboniswe ngokugqwesileyo ngokungafaniyo neelensi ezingenamimbrane).
Ukungalungi: amabala e-oyile, iminwe ibonakalisa ngokucacileyo;Umbala wefilimu uyabonakala kwi-Angle yecala
Isixhenxe, ukhetho lwelensi
Imfuno yomthengi yelensi: intle, ikhululekile kwaye ikhuselekile
Intle kwaye ibhityile: isalathiso se-refractive, amandla omatshini
Ukuqina: ukumelana nokunxiba, akukho deformation
Ayibonakali: yongeza ifilimu
Ayimdaka: ifilimu engenamanzi
Isibane esikhululekileyo:
Iimpawu ezilungileyo ze-optical: ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya, i-dispersion index, ukudaya
Ukuxhathisa okukhuselekileyo kwe-uv kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo
Ubanceda njani abathengi bakhethe iilensi:
1. Khetha imathiriyeli ngokweemfuno
Ukuchasana nempembelelo: ukuhlangabezana novavanyo loKHUSELEKO lomgangatho we-FDA, ilensi ayiqhekekanga lula.
I-Lens emhlophe: inkqubo egqwesileyo yepolymerization, isalathiso esimthubi esisezantsi, akukho lula ukuguga, imbonakalo entle.
Ukukhanya: ubunzima obuthile buphantsi, umntu onxibayo uziva elula kwaye ekhululekile, kwaye akukho xinzelelo empumlweni.
Ukumelana nokunxiba: ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji entsha ye-silicon oxide eqinile, ukumelana kwayo nokunxiba kufutshane neglasi.
2. Khetha isalathiso se-refractive ngokokukhanya kwabathengi
I-3, ngokweemfuno zomthengi ukukhetha unyango olufanelekileyo lomphezulu
4. Khetha iibrendi ngokwexabiso lezengqondo zabathengi
5. Ezinye iimfuno
Uluhlu lwazo zonke iintlobo zeelensi kufuneka ziqondwe ngokusekelwe kwimeko yokwenyani yesitora, kuquka:
1. Uluhlu lweemveliso ezikhoyo
2, inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kuluhlu lwesiqwenga sefektri, umjikelo
3. Iilensi ezingenakwenziwa
Ukungalungi: ukucubungula kunzima;Umphezulu kulula ukukrwempa, uzinzo oluphantsi lobushushu, utshintsho lwe-100 degrees Celsius
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-01-2021